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Lhe Goo Move- 


ment in South Carolina 











The South Carolina Good Roads Association 


F. H. HYATT, President 
COLUMBIA, S. C. 


PROF. EARLE SLOAN, Secretary 
CHARLESTON, S. C. 








THE GOOD ROADS MOVEMENT IN SOUTH 
CAROLINA. 


Prior to the year. 1895 the public road system of South Caro- 
lina was a very crude and unsatisfactory one. This system, 
if it may be called by such a name, was one that had been 
handed down from generation to generation, and was merely a 
law requiring all able-bodied citizens between certain ages, 
and who were not specially exempted, to work for » certain 
number of days in each year—usually from three to five—the 
public roads on which they lived, or that were within a given 
distance from their places of residence. 

Under this law, for a few days in each year the road hands, 
under the charge of overseers, who were as unskilled in the 
science of road construction as themselves, worked the roads 
of their county in a perfunctory way. A few bushes were cut 
away from the roadside, a few ditches cleaned out, a few mud- 
holes filled in, and that was all; and the result was that in South 
Carolina, as in many other States, our public roads were a dis- 
erace to civilization. This fact was recognized by thoughtful 
men throughout the country, and from time to time spasmodic 
efforts were made to better existing conditions, and in the State 
Legislature, through the newspaper press, and in magazine 
articles, attention was called to the deplorable condition of our 
public highways. As far back as 1880, the Columbia Board of 
Trade, realizing the importance of good roads to the growth of 
a city, offered a handsome money prize for the best essay on 
road construction. In June, 1888, Mr. Charles C. Wilson, now 
a distinguished civil engineer of Columbia, became interested in 
this subject and prepared and read a paper recommending 
radical changes in the then existing system. This paper was 
published in the Columbia Register, and extracts from it~ 
appeared in the Charleston News and Courier and other 
papers, with favorable comment. Among other things the 
adoption of the sand-clay treatment was recommended, and, so 
far as is known, this was the first suggestion, in this State at 





Southern Pamphlets 
Rare Book Collection 
UNC-Chapel Hill 


993132 


4 


least, of this successful and inexpensive method of road build- 
ing. There was more or less discussion of the good roads ques- 
tion for the next few years, but although efforts such as those 
of Mr. Wilson and others demonstrated that here and there a 
few public-spirited men were honestly attempting to foster a 
sentiment in favor of a better road system, the people did not 
seem to be aroused to the point of undertaking anything in the 
way of permanent improvement. 

Such, then, was the status of the public road question in this 
State when, in the year 1895, a new county government law 
went into effect. This law, sometimes called “the Evans law,” 
in compliment to its author, ex-Governor John Gary Evans, 
abolished the then-existing Boards of County Commissioners 
and vested the county government in a County Supervisor, 
elected by the people, and Boards of Township Commissioners, 
appointed by the Governor on the recommendaticn of the legis- 
lative delegation from each county, the chairman of each Town- 
ship Board, with the County Supervisor, to constitute the 
County Boards of Commissioners. Various amendments to 
this law have been from time to time enacted, and some ma- 
terial changes made in the number and in the manner of selec- 
tion of the Boards of County Commissioners. Of these 
amendments it is not necessary to treat in this paper. The law 
is merely referred to here to show how it gave the desired op- 
portunity to those who wished to demonstrate that good roads 
could be constructed without too heavily burdening the people 
with taxation. 

~The new county government law provided, among other 

things, that the roads of any county might be worked in whole 
or in part by convict labor, in whole or in part by the contract 
system, or in whole or in part by the free labor system of former 
years. 

The introduction of convict labor on the public roads was 
viewed in many quarters with disfavor, the late United States 
Senator J. L. M. Irby, among others, expressing himself, in a 
newspaper interview, as being very doubtful as to whether the 
results obtained would justify the expense to the counties : but, 
on the other hand, those who had studied the question of road 
improvement were convinced that the provision in the new law 


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Fig. 1—View Three Miles Northwest of Columbia, S. C., on the Winnsboro Road, 
near Hyatt Park. ace 
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bi tie ? mi 4 
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5 


which authorized the employment of convict labor was a very 
wise one, permitting, as it did, the organization of a well-di- 
rected and perfectly disciplined force of road hands, with whom 
more and better work could be done in a month than could 
or would be done in a year by the old-time method of road 
work. 

Among the earliest and most zealous advocates of the adop- 
tion of the chaingang system was Mr. F. H. Hyatt, of Colum- 
bia, and through his efforts, ably supplemented by Capt. W. P. 
Bookter, then one of the County Commissioners of Richland 
County, before the close of the year 1895 the chaingang system 
was adopted in that county, and Richland was one among the 
first of the South Carolina counties to inaugurate a new 
departure in the method of public road work. A chaingang 
was immediately organized, and such was Mr. Hyatt’s interest 
in the cause of good roads that he offered to supplement from 
his private purse the meager salary which was paid the chain- 
gang manager at the beginning: of the work, and he, together 
with Mr. C. W. McCreery and others of Columbia, also offered 
to pay, and did pay, the greater portion of the cost of some 
experimental work by the chaingang some three miles from 
Columbia, on the Winnsboro road. 

In 1897, in recognition of Mr. Hyatt’s interest in good roads, 
he was appointed by the Governor one of the County Commis- 
sioners for Richland County, and he held that position for two 
years, aiding the county supervisor, Mr. W. W. Weston, with 
intelligent and well-directed zeal in every effort to improve the 
read system of the county. 

During this year the County Commissioners of Richland 
County determined to make an experiment in macadam road- 
building. The right to use a granite quarry on the lands of Mr. 
R. C. Keenan, on the Winnsboro road, some two miles north 
-of Columbia, was offered by its owner free of charge, and this 
offer was gratefully accepted by the county authorities, and a 
rock-crushing plant was purchased on what was regarded as 
favorable terms. It was decided to build a macadam road from 
the city limits to a point about three miles north on the Winns- 
boro road. This work was begun and carried on during the 
winter of 1897-¢8, hired labor: being used in order that the 


6 


chaingang might be utilized in other sections of the county 
whilst this work was in progress. As the work required the 
employment of a large force of hands at considerable expense, 
some opposition to it was developed. The County Board was 
memorialized, the grand jury was appealed to, and injunction 
proceedings threatened, but in spite of all opposition the work 
was not interrupted until it reached Hyatt Park. ‘Then, as it 
was found that the expense of construction was much greater 
than had been anticipated, it was determined to stop at that 
point. Later the chaingang, at the solicitation of Mr. Hyatt 
and others, was employed in building, from the end of the 
macadain road to a point about one mile further north, a road 
of sand, clay and gravel rock, which, when completed, was 
pronounced to be almost if not quite equal to the macadam, and 
nothing like as costly, 


SAND-CLAY ROADS. 
On the tst of January, 1899, Mr. S. H. Owens became 


County Supervisor, and one of the first acts of his administra- 
tion was to organize two chaingangs so as to have road work 
going on in different sections of the county at the same time. 
Mr. Owens also determined to push the construction of sand- 
clay roads, then a new experiment, to the farthest limits of the 
county in each and every direction. Such was the success of 
the work thus energetically begun and carried on ‘by Mr. 
Owens that it at once won the admiring attention of the people 
of Richland County. The late N. G. Gonzales, editor of The 
State, rode over these roads frequently on a bicycle. and was 
so much impressed by the value of this work and the wonderful 
change which had been accomplished—a change which had 
converted such a road as the one leading east from Columbia 
to Camden from a heavy sandbed to a road as firm and hard as 
macadam itself—that he declared editorially that, in so far at 
least as Richland County was concerned, the problem of build- 


ing good roads without extraordinary taxation had been suc- 
cessfully soived. | 





In an editorial article of January 8, 1900, referring to these 
roads, he said: “They were not repaired, but remade, graded, 
ditched, laid with sand and clay or clay and sand, converted into- 


























ig. 2—A Sand-Clay Road Built by Convict Labor in 




















A ns aig net 














7 


smooth and satisfactory highways, capable with timely and 
systematic care of indefinite maintenance in good condition. 
The value of this improvement can only be fully realized by 
those who know the depth of the sand on some of these roads, 
and the great waste of power which this has compelled during 
all the years of the past. Columbia is now far more accessible 
by highway than it has ever been; a fact fully evidenced by the 
number of wagons and carts coming to and going from the 
city, the traffic on certain roads at certain hours assuming pro- 
cessional proportions.” 

Such expressions as the above from a journal as well-known 
and as widely read as the Columbia State naturally attracted 
the attention of the United States Bureau of Public Road In- 
Cig wicit eieetolmes, Om Chapel Hill; N: .C., special 
agent of the Bureau, visited Columbia for the purpose of in- 
specting these roads. The results of his observations are 
embodied in the following report from him, published in the 
Year Book of the Department of Agriculture for the year 1901: 

“The sand-clay roads of Richland County, S. C., are worthy 
of special consideration, not only as a product of convict labor, 
but also as an illustration of how much may be accomplished 
in many localities in highway improvement at small cost, by 
treating the road surface with a simple admixture of sand anc 
clay. This county, with Columbia as its county seat, is located 
where the hill country merges into the lowlands and where the 
beds of coarse sand and clay are in close proximity. After 
constructing two and one-half miles of ordinary macadam road 
at a cost of from $2,000 to $3,000 per mile, the County Super- 
visor (who in all South Carolina has charge of the public 
roads) wisely decided to try the cheaper and simpler plan of 
spreading sand on the clay roads, and clay over the deep sand 
roads, and he has carried forward this work to an extent and 
a degree of efficiency. perhaps equaled nowhere else in the 
neighboring States. It was not easy to determine the amount 
of sand in the one case or of clay in the other which would 
give the best final result, consequently it has been necessary to 
watch the resulting road surface for several months, in some 
cases adding more sand where the surface showed a tendency to 
give way under traffic in wet weather, or, in other cases, add- 
ing more clay where the tendency was for the surface to break 


8 

up during the dry season. First, the roads were cut to a grade 
of from two to three per cent., then the surface was given the 
proper cross section for shedding water, this surface slope being 
kept sufficiently gentle to permit the water to run off slowly and. 
not carry the sand with it. The clay or sand was then hauled. 
in wagons or carts, usually short distances, and spread over the 
surface for a thickness of from two to six inches. The mixing 
of the sand and clay was done by the ordinary travel, which was 
never interrupted, and the surface was finally packed by the 
wide-tire wagons and carts or a horse roller. Where the sup- 
ply of sand needed for spreading over the clay road is not found. 
nearby, pockets are made in the ditches for catching sand, 
which is later taken out and spréad over the surface.” 

In a report on the roads of Richland County, in 1903, Super- 
visor Owens wrote the Bureau of Road Inquiry as follows: 

“In reply to your letter of the 12th inst., requesting a de- 
tailed account of my experience in building sand-clay roads in 
this (Richland County, S. C.), I will say that the necessary 
quantity of sand on clay or clay on sand has to be determined 
by experimenting. When the road has been properly graded 
and the roadbed is of good foundation the clay is spread evenly 
over the surface to a depth of from four to six inches, the depth 
depending on the percentage of sand in the clay. Ifthe roadbed 
is of clay foundation, the sand is spread on a little thicker, say, 
from six to eight inches. The clay or sand is simply spread on, 
not mixed, and the mixing is done by travel over the road, 
which is not interfered with while the road is in course of con- 
struction. I find, after thoroughly experimenting, that sand on 
a clay foundation does not give as good results as clay on sand, 
on account of the drainage being insufficient under the road- 
bed, the clay not being as porous as sand. 

“As to the durability of the roads treated in this manner, I 
will state that roads which were built five years ago are in as 
good condition now as when built, and in some instances better. 
Of course the roads have to be run over occasionally and re- 
paired, which is quickly and easily done. Sometimes where 
there is much travel over the roads small holes will wear in 
them, owing to lack of clay or sand at that particular point--t 
find this to be the case near Columbia, where travel is neces- 








Pig. 3—Hauling and Pulling Down Clay on Sandhill Road. 


9 


sarily greater than in the remote sections of the county. There 
are some roads in the county, constructed five years ago, that 
have had no repairs and are now in first-class condition. 

“We have about four hundred miles of road built by the sand- 
clay method out of a total of about six hundred and fifty miles 
in the county. These roads are. giving perfect satisfaction, 
and have stood the test of hard rains and constant travel. The 
cost of constructing roads by this method depends on the 
amount of grading to be done and the distance the sand or clay 
has to be hauled. The cost of repairs is very slight.” 

The Department of Public Road Inquiry sums up the result 
of its investigations on this line as follows: 

“The building of sand-clay roads has passed the experimental 
stage, and it is no longer a question of doubtful procedure. 
The important things to be borne in mind are thorough mixing 
to the saturation point and the properly shaping and rolling the 
road. This mixing is naturally done by the traveling public. 
_ This is the critical period in the construction of sand-clay roads, 
because care must be taken to secure an even amount of 
puddling, so that all the lumps of clay shall be broken and 
saturated with sand to a depth of eight to ten inches. Ii this 
can be done, and the road is properly crowned as it dries, there 
can be no doubt about the result being perfectly satisfactory. 
This mixing may be done by the use of plows and harrows 
when the clay is wet, but it is customary to let teams accom- 
plish it. It is true that the condition of the road becomes 
worse.for a while during the puddling operation, but after this 
is effected and sufficient sand has been added, relief is per- 
manent. 

“Tn many portions of the Southern States the public roads are 
maintained by the old system of statsite labor, which has been 
reduced by the inefficiency of overseers to little better than 
worthless. The mud, which it is customary to throw on the 
roadbed, is often a detriment, as it is the worn-out material 
from the road that has been gradually accumulating in the 
ditches. There are many sandbars and gravel beds along the 
streams and rivers of the Piedmont section, where unlimited 
quantities of good sand and gravel may be found, a few loads 
of which would permanently heal the worst mudhole if it were 


IO 


to be first thoroughly drained. There is need of a general 
-awakening on this line everywhere. An enormous waste of 
labor results, as stated, from the incompetency of many of the 
road overseers. Whether the overseers work statute labor, com- 
mutation labor, or hired labor, they should be able so to treat. 
each particular case, deep sand or deep mud, as to effect a per- 
manent cure.” 

As to the cost of sand-clay roads a careful estimate made 
shows that under intelligent and honest supervision they can, 
be constructed at a cost of about $300 per mile. A macadam: 
road usually costs about $3,000 per mile. Thus it is seen that 
ten miles of sand-clay road can be constructed at the cost of one 
mile of macadam. 


STATE ORGANIZATION? 


In 1897 Mr. Charles C. Wilson, civil engineer, of. Columbia,. 
5S. C., whose early connection with the good roads movement. 
has been referred to at the beginning of this paper, again com- 
menced the agitation of the subject in connection with Col. 
John P. Thomas, also of Columbia, and their united efforts re- 
sulted in the convention which met in Columbia during the 
month of February, 1898, and which organized itself into the 
South Carolina Good Roads Association, with the following 
officers: John P. Thomas, of Columbia, President; W. S. 
King, of Darlington, Vice-President; Charles C. Wilson, of 
Columbia, Secretary and Treasurer; and much good work was: 
done by these gentlemen on the line of arousing public interest 
and inducing legislative action in favor of good roads. 

At the Good Roads Convention held in Greenville in 1g9o0r, 
Mr. F. H. Hyatt was elected President, and Prof. Earle Sloan, 
of Charleston, Secretary,eand they have held their respective 
positions until the present time. To both of these gentlemen 
great credit is due for their untiring efforts to further the good 
roads movement throughout South Carolina. 

Mr. Hyatt, although a busy man of affairs, with many other 
matters to occupy his attention, has taken hold of this important 
subject with his characteristic energy, and by constant corre- 
spondence with national, state and county officials, and with 
many other public men of the State and Nation, has kept up 


135 


interest in the subject. At the National Good Roads Conven- 
ticn held at St. Louis, he was appointed on the committee of 
one from each State in the Union to present resolutions of the 
convention in favor of the bill providing for national, state and 
local cooperation in the improvement of the public highways, 
to the committee in Congress having charge of that bill, and 
he was made vice-president for South Carolina of the National 
Good Roads Association, and is still cccupying that position. 

In 1902, through Mr. Hyatt’s efforts, a good reads train was 
sbrought te Columbia, and an experimental road built in the 
neighborhood of Shandon, one of the suburbs of Columbia. 
which work, whilst in progress, was visited by a number of citi- 
zens, including many members of the State Legislature, which 
was at that time in session, and it was also largely through his 
influence that an Interstate Good Roads Convention was held 
on the Exposition Grounds at Charleston in the early part of 
February, 1902. He has also, as the head of the State Good 
Roads Association, actively interested himself in urging needed 
legislation for the betterment of our highway system in South 
‘Carolina. As the result of the movement, all convicts sen- 
tenced in the circuit courts, up to a ten-year term, can be put 
-on the county chaingang; all who are convicted in magistrates’ 
courts can be put on the county chaingangs; and all convicted 
in municipal courts can be put on the city chaingangs. The 
commutation road tax (usually one dollar a vear), which may 
be paid in lieu of labor by those liable to road duty, is now 
more generally and vigorously collected than ever before. 

As President of the State Good Roads Association and a 
“prominent member of the National Good Roads Association, 
Mr. Hyatt is in receipt of numerous requests for information 
on the subject of good roads, not only from the various coun- 
ties of our State, but from all parts of the Union. In order 
that such inquiries might be answered intelligently he has pre- 
-pared and has sent out from time to time to the county super- 
-visors the following queries: 

I. Free labor system—- 

Number of foremen employed? 

Average number of days’ service during the year? 
Wages of foremen? 
Wages of laborers ? 


IZ 


[EA Ghaineancesyctern — ; 
Number of guards employed? 
Wages of guards? 
Number of convicts utilized ? 
Cost of clothing convicts? 
Cost of feeding convicts? 
Dietary of convicts? 
Health of Camp— 
Average amount of sickness? 
Principal maladies ? ae 
Average mortality ? 
III. Number of mules (or horses) utilized? 
Cost of feeding stock ? 
Number of carts used? 
Number of wheel scrapers used? 
Number of drag scrapers used? 
Number of plows used? 
Number of grading machines used? 
Number of rollers? 
IV. Number of miles of public roads in county? 
Number of miles of public roads in an improved con- 
dition ? 
Number of miles improved during the year? 
System of improvement? 
(Under this heading give fullest details. ) 
VY. Amount of free labor? 
Miles of new road building? 
Miles of road repaired. 

Many of the County Supervisors failed to return the blanks 
filled in as requested, but from those received it appears that 
the average cost of convict labor is about 33 1-3 cents per diem, 
the average cost of hired free labor 50 cents per diem, the aver- 
age cost of road construction by the sand-clay method about 
$450 per mile, and that about 8,000 miles of improved highway 
has been constructed within the past few years. Taking the 
statements received as the basis for a general average, it may 
be estimated that the total amount spent on road work, includ- 
ing the construction and repairs of bridges, did not, for the vear 
1904, exceed $400,000 in the whole State of South Carolina. 


13 


As it is estimated that there are 40,000 miles of public highway 
in the State, the total cost of road and bridge work for the year 
above mentioned was just about $10.00 per mile. These 
figures are singularly suggestive and strikingly indicate that 
whilst in Richland, Spartanburg, Greenville, Greenwood, 
Orangeburg, Chester, Union and one or two other counties 
much progress has been made, yet, taking the State as a whole, 
our people have not yet awakened to the fact that good roads 
are a vital necessity; that good roads are wealth producers, 
facilitating rapid transit from the farms to market, enhancing 
the value of real estate in rural communities, and bringing about 
a more intimate and much-desired union between town and 
country. 

At the convention held in Coiumbia in January of the present 
year the following plan of reorganziation was adopted at the 
suggestion of Secretary Sloan, who had realized the necessity 
for a more coherent and business-like organization, and it is 
now republished for the information of all who may be inter- 
ested in this subject: 

“1. That the name of this organization shall be the South 
Carolina Good Roads Association. 

“2. That the South Carolina Good Roads Association is 
hereby reorganized for the purpose of more effectively encour- 
aging and facilitating the improvement and extension of our 
highways, and to demonstrate the agricultural, industrial, edu- 
cational and religious advantages incident to such improved ta- 
cilities for transportation and travel. 

“2. That the South Carolina Good Roads Association, with 
its central organization at the State capital, shall also comprise 
branch associations in the counties of this State, and each 
branch association shall be designated by its related county 
name. 

“4, That the South Carolina Good Roads Association shall 
comprise delegate members from the counties of the State of 
South Carolina and associate members. That the officers shall 
be a president, a vice-president, a secretary and treasurer, who 
shall severally be chosen by ballot from the delegate members 
for a term of two years, and who shall serve until their respect- 
ive successors shall be qualified. 


14 


DELEGATE MEMBERS. 


“That the total number of delegate members shall be limited 
to the corresponding number of representatives in the General 
Assembly. Each county, through its branch Good Roads 
Association, shall be entitled to delegate as many members (of 
whom the County Supervisor shall be one) as such county 
may have representatives in the General Assembly. 

“That the term of delegate membership shall be coordinate 
with the term of the County Supervisor of the respective coun-. 
ties, excepting in the case of the president, vice-president, the 
secretary, and the treasurer, whose membership shall not expire 
until their official successors shail have qualified. 

“That in the absence of a branch Good Roads Association 
in any county, the Supervisor and County Commissioners of 
such county may, in joint session, elect or otherwise delegate | 
the county’s quota of members to the South Carolina Good 
Roads Association. 

“That the delegate members shall be entitled to participate 
in all discussions and vote on all questions which may arise at 
the meeting of the South Carolina Good Roads Association, 
-and shall elect its officers from their own body. 


ASSOCIATE MEMBERS, 


“Any citizen of the United States in good standing may 
‘become an associate member by subscribing to the appropriate 
roll. 

“Associate members shall be privileged to attend all meet- 
ings of the South Carolina Good Roads Association, subject 
ject to such rules as may be provided, but shall not be entitled 
to vote. Associate members shall not take part in discussions 
before the South Carolina Good Roads Association except on 
the specific invitation of the president, who shall extend such 
courtesy on his own invitation or on the written request of 
any fifteen delegate members. 

“The terms of the membership of the associate member shall 
‘be for life. | 

“That the place of annual.meeting of the South Carolina 
«Good Roads Association shall be at Columbia, unless otherwise 


nS 
specifically provided; and that the time shall be on the second 


‘Thursday succeeding the second Tuesday of the month of 
January, unless otherwise specifically provided.” 


COMMISSIONERS FOR 1905-06. 


CouNTY. COM MISSIONERS. POSTOFFICE. 
Anderson ...John Thomas Ashley. ..Anderson. 
Benjamin J. Pearman. . Anderson. 
TON Cherie s i VOMie eau. ..,-. . eae Warrenville. 
ieuthepshealhouse. qa. Aiken. 


mopevillier ws seoree. (2; Graves. tee Abbeville. 
eiemTrcaDeCC... samme ere ce. . b es oes 


Periwella eels Vienvoumans. . Se. Hairtax: 
eiley wotansell:.. some Elko. 
PeerimOrtae ae VV cal aViarscher:.... . saan Beaufort. 
Fen He VVAIKINIS.. .-. cee Frogmore. 
ie y IG@GT. ci::-. . seenae Hilton Head. 
Pie TIDD:. c)'. . cgelee Bluffton. 
eo mesierdee 2)... Maes Hardeeville. 
rire mvieriini..”. .-ceaeeee Yemassee. 
Detkcrey) =... ).-W: S- Breland. ..22.% Holly Hill. 
‘Sea Nei Ghote ae _...Murraysville. 
|. |e oste.. 3... Denmark. 
Wie Wvanse Garter . .<. cae Earhardt. 
Chesterfield .Smith Oliver.......... Ruby. 
Pe beite tava... wee Cheraw. 
pe underburk “sae Jefferson. 
Gilleceneeeanee Garter... daar Walterboro. 
| Beoriegliimer 3) .... ae Walterboro. 
CLAVE eS RGF RR a Ai oat 6 eR * 08 Oe ares eee a a re 
{ Hester me eames Ge White. ae. Chester. 
eh ante... canes Chester. 
Will C. Thompson... ..Lockhart. 
Veep sme cctison... 1: taeer Roseville. 
Andrew Peden. ...:.,..Richburg. 
James Whiteside, Jr... .Edgemoor. 
Ay Westbrook .... aac Edgemoor. 


He bev ohannon...« .ccmsee Leeds. 


CouNTY., 


Cherokee .. 


Clarendon . 
Dorchester 
Darlington . 
Edgemerdes:: 
Fairfield . 

Florence . 

Greenville .. 
Greenwood .. 
Georgetown.. 
LOT hyese ee 


Hampton .. 


Isauhensae: 
Lexington . 


ees crete 


16 


COMMISSIONERS. POSTOFFICE. 
eR Ross:*.... a Gaffney. 
Avcclartis =... . gaeeaeees Gaffney. 
boCeGariton », Samar Blacksburg. 
Tia Little chee Gaffney. 
ToL Byant . . eae Cowpens. 
Ss -o<tPhulips . ae Gaffney. 
Bi Re Broad wa yaaa Pinewood. 
FI Ms Mclntos hae cuen Workman. 
J. De Winmber| yaar Harleyville. 
DPV Tuttle.. awn Grahams. 
>J. Ac-Russell., . . gees Society Hill. 
George (O> Lec agen Lydia. 
RG) Garis. eee Cleora. 
John<R:- Blockers Waycross. 
4A) SB Aiken... eee Monticello. 
Ov C.Dike,. . . ae Blythewood. 
DA Heicaxler.. ae ... Limmonsville. 
John G. Woodbury... .Allersons. 
J). 3 Waiter yM conga Greenville. 
rake INGVer. . a .. Tigerville. 
Ge beakiley.. . aa Rileys. 
Gk Dorn: . “aaaeeeer Callison. 
Jon Ss yatt. ae Georgetown. 
H.-deMcDonalaiens: Georgetown. 
. 2): PeiVicGowa ngewe Greensea. 
W sles Sineleton sae Toddville. 
«J. ME Goodin ¢ ae Varnville, 
Ge My DelLoachiauais Early Branch. 
CH Ko Smith. . Saaeeee Ridgeland. 
J. Perrebee,. Jr See Ridgeland. 
Kk. HesGoore. aie: Luray, 
WF. Barley. . Saaemaee Laurens. 
J.-E B. Roberts. een Laurens. 
.Isaiah- Hallman eee Lexington. 
James-W..<Shealyagaiaere Lexington. 
Sa Wi sErierson Sameer Lynchburg. 


E; -BucElerbe: . Sean tcetenms 


17 


CouNry, COMMISSIONERS. POSTOFFICE. 
Baneastch + -aVVechwe Duce... :s.cmmeetoancaster. 
ice eedey att (2°. so aan Lancaster. 
DiemibOtGur. «leatwhilebchéer. . eae McColl. 
Deb blainers. 3... amwae Bennettsville. 
WianIOne) sa iad Arney M. Gasque......Marion. 
Jaiviccu bisa per ty. . samme Dillon. 
PEGWHCTi toed aces anon .. . vee Newberry. 
QeaiNreliecy  .... eee Newberry. 
rancwebire., La DA Livingston men otangebure. 
ae Geeriney..... . eee Orangeburg. 
ICG eer os res PONG scACKeTY . . {yummey: Sevaca. 
Neatvaneehilips.:. aamelons;Creek. 
Pickens. 5.5: get eos): . . Pee Liberty. 
(RUE ee SRS eae 2 | 278 Pickens. 
Percwade ee VWVinaeouclass...iaaae Columbia. 
Jeo iesiewinsoir.. eee Columbia. 
Be Ab, ae ote) ea villian: 
jielemlaa ticks... .. . sae Weston. 
Pe eee rut al oimias..:... . Semen Wedgefield. 
Joka SSToodon . . game Sumter. 
SANs ws [ee NecGeshalimer. . Yim Batesburg. 
Giles Chapman. .... Wee. Chappells: 
pi raabure. WV T. Brown... . vier . Spartanburg. 
Pai uirner:.: ; .- ae Dartanbure: 
1/8) aWs Ta) Set"... ae Union. 
Pomiermanertley.. .. aaem Kelton. 
Malhamsbs..J. Be Blakley. ~.... qe Kingstree. 
eee aaa, 6... Kingstree. 
al a ee Roto Raiicy.:.. same wait Cee fe oir 
Rete Posten S|). eee sen ies ae ene 


COUNTY SUPERVISORS FOR 1905-06. 


CouNTY. SUPERVISOR. POSTOFFICE. 
PMUCeCLSO oer) | ACKSOM. 4°. . ame Anderson. 
J Agi ets shag tee Wels Ss rOdie:. a... aaeeee Aiken. 
PN EN Cn, asa Net NIGHOISe:.... meme Abbeville. 


Ariel toe VUOLTI Sa... «(lamers Barnwell. 


18 


Country. SUPERVISOR. POSTOFFICE. 


Beautort: 2 Ws bor Sander saan Beaufort. 
Berkeley <5) essea.tie ‘Flares Monks Corner. 
Bamberg 2... EeeC2 Bruce. Baan Bamberg. © 
Chesterfield’ ~R.- Ey Rivers « Sagerce es Chesterfield. 
Colleton i234) -4ES Moore : ia Walterboro. 
Charleston .2-..0° 7%... . ag ee er Pat) saratae 
Chester 2.200500... . RR ‘ 
Cherokee 2.) Wilhany Phillipe Gaffney. 
Clarendon <7. -C.-Owens - eee Manning. 
Dorchester 2H. Hi: “Gross. Sans Harleyville. 
Darlington ;.C. W. Milling See Darlington. 
Kdgeheld™ =. DS Es Selt.. saa Plumbranch. 
Faintield . J B > Burley . aera Winnsboro. 
Florence ....J).“B-McBrideaeeeaee Florence. 
Greenville .. John W. Walkeroseaes. Greenville. 
Greenwood . JM Major - eee, Greenwood. 
Georgétown.. J. B. Johnson gene. Georgetown. 
Horry. 2 J. Boyd: ... ee Conway. 
Hampton .|J>-A-2Sinder . eee Hampton. 
Laurens's2.. HY B= Hiumbertaaeeee Laurens. 
Lexington .: Lay). Lanetor¢ aes Lexington. 
[een rear: C. °F Rollins . aaa Bishopville. 
Lancaster +... M. CGardneruaees 5 Lancaster. 
Marlboro >. My Eh ’Gowardaeeeen Bennettsville. 
Marion: <..... 1. Py Stackhouseme see Marion. 
Newberry .-.J.°Me Wicker seen Newberry. 
Orangeburg..Olin M. Dantzler...... St. Matthews. 
Geonee-. acs. Ev HV. Hobs@meeers Westminster. 
Pickens 0)..G) M. Lynch. 3a Pickens. 
Richland ....W. D. Starling! !)....- Columbia. 
Sumter ..22.W2 HeSeale. aes Sumter. 
Salada ies ee. Do WoePade ctetiveenees satesbure. 
partanbure.D: Me= Miles. . wae Spartanburg. 
Lange peas: iF. Bedenbatea eens Union. 
Williamsb’g..J. J. Graham. .... RE: Kingstree. 
York=... .....Phomas W. Bogamemees: Yorkville. 





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